2008年6月22日星期日

报章读后感:写法要求



报章读后感:写法要求


第一部分:(一段)引言 + 感想表示基本态度(有时可以带出对有关论题的分析,如影响、后果等。可在下一段列举要点,逐点谈开去。)

第二部分:(可以好几段)原因分析:分析有关论题发生的可能原因

第三部分:(可以好几段)建议或个人愿望:对有关论题的改善、纠正,提出具体建议,若无建议,则提出个人愿望

第四部分(一段)总结:给这篇文章做一结语,通常以一个强烈愿望或强调其中一个要点作结。

•可供思考的问题:
--这个论题给你什么感想?
--这个论题的背景是什么?
--这个论题为什么会发生?
--这个论题的解决方法有哪些?
--这个论题的后果是什么?
--这个论题有什么象征意义?
--对待这个论题的正确态度是什么?
--你赞成或反对这个论题的原因是什么?

•问题仅供参考,并非每一个题目皆适用。但有了这些思路的启发,再根据题目的要求作适当的调整,相信要写出一篇内容充实的读报感想并不难。



参考例子:

报章报导:本地有越来越多的青少年沉迷于互联网,结果茶饭不思,功课退步。试谈谈你对这段新闻的看法。


第一部分:(a) 引题(what?)
     (b) 提出个人简单的看法。

第二部分:
1) 这对学生的功课是不是一个严重的问题(who & where)?
2) 为什么会有这类问题的产生?产生的背景是什么(why?)?
3) 这问题对学生产生了什么样的坏影响(what)?如何知道?
4) 你认为有什么办法可以解决这个问题(how)?
  A. 学生本身该怎么做?
  B. 家长该怎么做?
  C. 学校该怎么做?
  D. 政府该怎么做?

第三部分:
结尾:总结自己的意见,明确的简单的提出个人看法,以呼应第一段。





2008年4月19日星期六

常用观点和名句(二)


“金玉良言金不换

Invaluble Maxims Not Exchanged For Gold”

陈清霖博士编写

1.人需要社会,不能孤独地生活。
2.人生是花而爱,便是花的蜜。
3.人应有自知之明。
4.人应不怕影子斜。
5.人生是一段艰苦的历程。
6.才气就是长期的坚持不懈。
7.书籍使一个人成为宇宙的主人。
8.书籍是建在时间之海的灯塔。
9.才学如果不用,就会永远埋没。
10.与其求人,不如求己。
11.三天不念口生,三年不做手生。
12.大处着眼,小处着手。
13.不论成功或失败,都在于自己。
14.心里知道的,口会说出来。
15.心证比千人证更有力。
16.开启学问金库的钥匙在各自手中。
17.友谊永远是美德的辅佐。
18.不妒忌的人不是在恋爱。
19.内行看门道,外行看热闹。
20.不要装饰你的衣服,而要丰富你的知慧。
21.无私才能无畏。
22.今年不种竹,哪有来年笋?
23.无事时要提防,有事时要镇定。
24,记着去时走错路的经验,回来时就顺手。
25.不怕有过,就怕不改。
26.不怕硬嘴鸟,最怕蛀心虫。
27.心心复心心,爱情就深沉。
28.只要有生命,就会有希望。
29.生命重如泰山,绝非轻若鸿毛。
30.生命是一部最伟大的活词汇。
31.宁为英雄而死,不为奴隶而生。
32.宁可光明磊落地死,不能卑鄙无耻地活。
33.正气高,邪气消。
36.打死了一头猫就等于救活了一千只老鼠。
37.宁可让亲人责备,不可让敌人亲吻。
38.生活意味奋斗。
39.过分的称赞是变相的讽刺。
40.邪恶的人总是忘恩负义。
41.当一个人最幸运的时刻便是考验他的最好时机。
42.近水识鱼性,近山识鸟音。
43.多吃无滋味,话多不值钱。
44.百足之虫,死而不僵。
45.学问学问,要学要问;边学边问,才有学问。
46.有理走遍天下,无理寸步难移。
47.百闻不如一见,百见不如一做。
48.当机不断,反受其乱。
49.问题的性质不同,解决的方法也不同。
50.老鼠过街,人人喊打。
51.如果没有国家的前途命运,哪有个人的爱情和幸福。
52.同伴虽相随,总有别离时。
53.自信是成功的第一秘诀。
54.灵感是人们在不断的工作中产生出来的。
55.希望显示坚强的勇气、新生的意志。
56.我们要像海绵一样吸收有用的知识。
57.把我们的成就归功于精微的思索。
58.没有行动的言语是理想的刺客。
59.没有比害怕本身更可怕的了。
60.困境是人的生活教科书。
61.你想要别人尊重你,你就应该先学会尊重别人。
62.纸鸟经不起风吹,泥人经不住雨淋。
63.走走看看,看不如亲手干干。
64.良药苦口利于病,忠言逆耳利于行。
65.批评必须当面,闲谈莫论人非。
66.克服弱点,才能轻装前进;团结斗争,才能无往不胜。
67.抓住了主要的矛盾,一切问题可以迎刃而解。
68.没有老实的狐狸,没有不吃人的老虎。
69.贤人哲士绝不追求运气。
70.经验是用无限的代价买来的一颗宝石。
71.若要指责他人,先得想想自己。
72.事业是理论和实践的有机统一。
73.忠诚的朋友是人生良药。
74.孩子需要榜样多于批评。
75.花有重开日,人无再少年。
76.明人不做暗事。
77.美丽的前途不是梦,而是实践。
78.品格里你在黑暗中的为人。
79.背得烂熟不等于掌握知识。
80.胜利将山最有耐力的人获得。
81.便宜无好货,好货不便宜。
82.月旦大心细,事事如意。
83.既需有雄心壮志,也要实事求是。
84.活着就要做一个对人民有用的人。
85.海内存自己,天涯若比邻。
86.真正的功业好像河流,越深越好。
87.真的假不了,假的真不了。
88.谁若不肯听取忠告便是愿意接受谴责。
89.随机应变,因地制宜。
90.害人之心不可有,防人之心不可无。
91.得道者多助;失道者寡助。
92.婚姻是一次难以争辩的长流。
93.站得高,看得远。
94.爱听好语的人抵挡不住诱惑。
95.爱情是一切幸福之冠。
96.患难中的朋友麻烦少。
97.爱给我们勇气,有勇气就是成功。
98.做事要稳,改错要狠。
99.登梯子的人,必须从第一步开始。
100.期待已久的事情,最终总会来到。
101.最好最丰满的稻穗最贴近地面。
102.趋炎附势的人不可与你共患难。
103.雁怕离群,人怕掉队。
104.强中自有强中手,莫在人前自夸口。
105.欺骗别人的人,实际上就在欺骗自己。
106.骗子害怕真理,蝙蝠怕见太阳。
107.谦虚的人常思己过;骄傲的人只论人非。
108.愚蠢的人总是为自己的错误辩护,聪明的人则力求改正自己的错误。
109.错误往往是正确的先导;骄傲是跌倒的前奏。
110.路遥知马力,口久见人心。
111.聪明的父亲了解自己的孩子。
112.聪明来自见多识广。
113.懒惰对于人好比铁生了锈。
114.趣味相投,便成朋友。
115 .镜子只能帮助你找到脸上的污点,要擦掉污点还要靠自己。

1 .Man needs society,as he cannot live a lonesome life.
2. Life is a flower and love is the honey of the flower.
3. It is good for a person to have self-knowledge.
4 .A person of moral integrity does not fear any false accusation.
5. Life is but a hard and tortuous journey.
6. Superb talent is equal to long-term persistence.
7. Books make a person become the master of the universe.
8. Books are the lighthouse in the sea of time.
9 .If knowledge is not used,it will be permanently submerged.
10.It's better to rely on oneself than on others.
11 .If you stop reading for three days,you will become tongue-tied;if you stop worKing for three years,you will become unskillful.
12.Keep the general goal in sight and do the job bit by bit.
13.No matter it is success or fai!ure,all depends on oneself.
14.What is know in the heart will come out of the mouth.
15.A proof from the heart is more effective than one thousand proofs from people.
16.The key to the knowledge treasury is in everyone's own hand.
17.Friendship is the permanent aid to virtue.
18.Whoever is dovoid of jealousy is not in love.
19.An expert takes interest in the technical know-how, but a}ayman is just watch一ng for tun,
20.Don't decorate your clothes but enrich your intelligence.
21 .Onlv when a person is selfless can he be fearless.
22.If you don't plant bamboos this year,how can you get bamboo shoots next yeaar'?
23.Be vigilant when nothing happens:be calm when something crops up.
24.Remember that you have taken a wrong way to a place and your trip home will be smootn.
25.Don't be afraid of making mistakes,but it's wrong to let them remain uncorrectea.
26.Never fear a hard-beak bird but watch out for a heart-eating worm.
27.Heart to heart, love is deep.
28.While there is life,there is hope.
29.Life is as heavy as Mount Tal:it is never as light as a goose feather.
30.Life is the greatest copy of living vocabulary.
31.It's better to die as a hero than to live as a salve.
32.It's better to die a glorious death than to live a shameful life.
33.When a healthy atmosphere prevails,the evil air disappears.
34.Only careless people will suffer,never will prudent men fall into a trap.
35.External causes are the conditions of a change and internal causes are its bases; external causes function well by means of internal causes.
36 .Killing a cat is tantamount to saving a thousand rats.
37 .It's better to be scolded by our kith and kin than to be kissed by the enemy.
38.Life means struggle.
39.Over-praise is satire in disguised form.
40.Evil people tend to be ungrateful.
41 .The best opportunity to test a person is when is at the luckiest moment.
42.Living near the river, one knows fish nature;living near the mounation,one can recognize bird sounds.
43.If you eat too much,the food becomes tasteless;if you talk too much,the words become worthless.
44.A dead centipede never stiffens.
45.Learn and ask,learn and ask, you must learn and ask for knowledge acquisition.
46.With justice on your side,you can travel far and wide;without it, you cannot move a step.
47.Better seeing it once than hearing about it a hundred times;better doing it once than seeing it a hundred times.
48.If you waver in your decision,it will results in your mental confusion.
49.Problems of different nature should be solved by different methods.
50.When a rat curries across the street, all will shout,”Kill it!”
51 .If there is no future fortune for a country,where can an individual obtain love and well- being?
52 .Even if good friends keep close company,there is time for them to separate apart.
53.Self-confidence is the first secret to success.
54 .Inspiration comes from people's unending work.
55.Hope exhibits strong courage and new willpower.
56 .We have to act like sponge,absorbing useful knowledge.
57.Attribute our success to meticulous reflections.
58."Words without actions" is the killer of the ideal.
59.Nothing is more fearful than the fear of a person himself.
60.Difficult circumstances serve as a textbook of life for people.
61 .If you want others to respect you,you should learn to respect others first.
62.A paper bird cannot stand the strong wind and a clay figure cannot bear the heavy rain.
63.Better do something yourself than stand by to watch it done.
64.Good medicine tastes bitter but it's useful for one's health;honest advice is unpleasant to the ear:but it's beneticial to one's conduct.
65.Criticize a person in front of him,during a chat, avoid speaking ill of others behind their backs.
66.Only by overcoming our weaknesses can we move ahead with light packs;only by uniting ourselves in our struggle can we be victorious a!I the time.
67.Once the main contradiction is grasped,all problems can be readily solved.
68.There is no fox that is honest; there is no tiger that does not eat man.
69.Philosophers and virtuous people will never pursue luck.
70.Experience is a piece of!ade bought at an unlimited cost.
71.f you wish to find fault with others,you should reflect on yourself first.
72 .Career is the organic combination between theory and practice.
73.Faithful friends are a good medicine to life.
74.Children need examples more than criticism.
75.Flowers will bloom again.but man won't be young twice.
76.An honest person won't do anything underhand.
77.A promising future is not a dream,it comes from practice.
78.Character is your personal conduct in the dark.
79.Learning by heart is not the same as acquiring knowledge.
80.Success goes to the most patient person.
81 .Cheap commodities are not good;good commodities are not cheap.
82 .Be bold and careful,you will do everything smoothly.
83.One should have high aspirations and adopt and a pragmatic approach.
84 .As long as you live,you should be a useful person to the people.
85.Keep oneself in the country;treat distant areas like neighbouring places.
86.Real achievements are like a river,the deeper the better.
87.What is true cannot become untrue and what is untrue cannot become true.
88.Whoever is unwilling to listen to honest advice is,in fact, willing to accept condemnation.
89.Act according to circumstances and adapt yourself to local conditions.
90.Harbour no ill intention against others,but never relax vigilance against evil-doers.
91 . Those having」ustice enjoy full support, those having no」ustice will get little help.
92.Marriage is an irrefutable endless flow.
93.Stand on a high place to see farther ahead.
94 .Those fond of listenting to words of praise find it hard to resist temptation.
95.Love ranks first among all types of well-being.
96.Friends in adversity are less troublesome.
97.Love provides us with courage,being courageous is being successful.
98.Be steady in doing your work;be resolute in correcting your mistakes.
99. A ladder climber should begin at the first step.
100. A thing expected for a long time will finally come.
101.The best and richest rice grains are nearest to the ground.
102.Those currying favour with the powerful cannot share the adversity with you.
103.A wild goose is afraid of leaving its flock,while a man fears to be left behind.
104. Among strong people,there is always someone stronger, so don't talk big before others.
105. Those deceiving others are actually deceiving themselves.
106.The liar fears the truth;the bat dreads the sun.
107. A modest person often ponders over his mistakes;a conceited person only gossips about other's errors.
108. A stupid person always tries to account for his mistakes;a wise person makes an effort to rectify errors.
109. Errors are often the precursor of what is correct, while conceit is the prelude to a fall.
110. As distance tests s horse's strength,time reveals a person's heart.
111 .A clever father understands his own children.
112.Wisdom is derived from extensive observation and broad knowledge.
113. As dust is to iron,so is laziness to man.
114. Similarity in interest leads to friendship.
115. A mirror can only help you find out the dirty spots on your face,but it is that can wipe them off.


(以上115条金玉良言是陈清霖博士发表在新加坡中学华文教师会出版的《中教学报》第三十二期2007年上的文章。这里是不问自取。打字上如果有错误的地方,请同学们通知一下。感谢不尽。)

2008年3月23日星期日

报章报导写法分析

报章报导类别:


事件 (Incident)
报章报道:最近在一所中学发现有十多个男生集体观看色情光碟,结果被罚。


现象(Social Phenomenon) 报章报道:现在青少年看色情光碟的人数有上升的趋势。


政策做法(Put into Practice)
报章报道:我国国会已立法严厉对付色情光碟拥有者与传递者,打击绝不手软。

结构安排:


第一段:引言 + 感想/立场
  (Introduction + Impressions /Stand)


第二段:原因分析 (Reasons)


第三段:影响 (Affects / Influences)


第四段:建议/个人愿望(Suggestion / Wishes)


第五段:总结 (Summary)


常用观点和名句

常用语句、观点


一般现象

冰冻三尺,非一日之寒
A great estate is not gotten a few hours.

仁者见仁,智者见智
Different people, different opinion.

冰山一角

水能载舟,也能覆舟
The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows.

解铃还须系铃人
Who will bell the cat?

治标不治本、头痛医头,脚痛医脚、标本兼治
To cure the symptoms, not the disease, hence used of temporary
remedies of relief in medicine or social problems.

预防胜于治疗 Prevention is better than cure

他山之石,可以攻玉
Another’s good quality or suggestion whereby one can remedy
one’s own defects. // Advice from others may help one overcome
one's shortcomings

千里之行,始于足下
1. a thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step.
2. He who would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom

二人同心,其利断金
If two persons are of the same mind, their combined
determination will overcome all obstacles.



家庭教育

上梁不正下梁歪
A crooked stick will have a crooked shadow.

养不教,父之过
To bear children without education them is always the fault of
the father.

望子成龙,望女成凤
To hope one’s children will have a bright future.

身教重于言教
Example is better than precept



朋友

近朱者赤,近墨者黑
One who mixes with vermillion will turn red; one who touches
pitch shall be defiled therewith.// Evil communications corrupt
good manners.

益者三友:友直、友谅、友多闻
There are three kinds of beneficial friends: make friends with
those who are straightforward and those who are sincere and
knowledgeable.



学校教育

德智体群美,五育并重

十年树木,百年树人
It takes ten years to grow a tree and a hundred years to bring up a
generation of good men.


社会环境

文凭挂帅
Certificate to be in command.

金钱挂帅、功利主义
Money is almighty.// Material gain

万般皆下品,唯有读书高
To be a scholar is to be the top of society.

色情、暴力媒介泛滥

出淤泥而不染、社会是个大染缸



价值观(人生、审美、道德)

金钱、物质享受是身外之物,生不带来,死不带去

内在美比外在美重要

美并不是绝对的

世界上最宽阔的东西是海洋,比海洋更宽阔的是天空,比天空更宽阔的是人的心灵。(雨果-法国Victor Hugo)

给予比接受更快乐。《圣经》



国民素质
(道德勇气、怕输心态、公德心、自私、睦邻、爱国)

多一事不如少一事、睁一眼闭一眼、明哲保身
Keep out of harm by discretion.

个人自扫,门前雪,莫管他人瓦上霜
Let every man skin his own shrunk / to mind one’s own business.
// A still tongue keeps a wise head.

已所不欲,勿施于人
Do not do to others what you don’t want to be done to you.

国家兴亡,匹夫有责
All men share a common responsibility for the events of their
nation.

鸡犬之声相闻,老死不相往来
To live nearby or in the neighborhood, but to be completely
isolated from each other.

修身齐家治国平天下
To cultivate oneself and put family in order, rule the country and
give peace to the world.



励志
(知错能改、毅力、惜时)

人非圣贤,孰能无过?过而改之,善莫大焉
All men are apt to make mistakes but saint, it’s a good thing if
you can correct from your errors.

我要扼住命运的咽喉,不让命运征服我

不经一番寒彻骨,哪得梅花扑鼻香?
Without sorrows none become Buddhas. (不受磨难不成佛)

抛弃时间的人,时间也抛弃他

人生的光荣不在于永不失败,而在于能够屡仆屡起

时间有如海绵里的水,肯挤,总是有的



压力

压力如同胆固醇,有好坏之分

竞争和欲望是压力的两大根源











报章报导题目:混合类


1. 我国建筑师学会有意为新校舍制定一系列绿色准则。(事件类、现象类、政策做法类)

2. 在受访中,有些年轻人认为侵权行为是可以接受的。(事件类、现象类)

3. 在针对全球32个城市所进行的诚信测试中,我国仅排名25。(事件类、现象类)

4. 总理呼吁国人珍惜亲情,并加强家庭凝聚力。(事件类、现象类)

5. 总理在国庆群众大会中呼吁人民活到老做到老。(事件类、现象类)

6. 我国在每年的大热卖期间,总会掀起抢购热潮。(事件类、现象类)

7. 老移民应秉着“有容乃大”的精神欢迎外来移民。(事件类、现象类)

8. 许多中学生爱上电玩游戏,并沉迷其中。(事件类、现象类)

报章报导题目:政策做法类


1. 吴资政建议采用已故建国先驱的名字为街道、地铁、建筑物、体育场及公园命名。

2. 我国政府呼吁国民应重视种族和谐的重要。

3. 报章报道:17岁以下的青少年晚上11时过后在外游荡,若让巡逻警察遇见,就会把情况通知他们的父母。试谈谈你对这项措施的看法。

4. 报章报道:我国内政部同六个机构联合成立关怀网络和推出黄丝带计划,鼓励人们接受前罪犯,让他们可以顺利地重返社会。试谈谈你对这则新闻的感想。

5. 报章报道:我国吸引外国优秀学生到我国就读,对国家建设只有好处,没有坏处。你对这个言论有什么看法?

6. 报章报道:有人认为将屡教不改或严重违反校纪的学生开除,将带来更多的社会问题。试谈谈你对这则新闻的看法。

7. 政府立法,严禁雇主要求外国女佣在高楼抹窗和做超时工作。请写一封信给你在国外上学的姐姐,提出你的看法,并告诉她这个政策对你们家的影响。

8. 教育部计划在小学,以及部分中学开办华语和马来语会话课程。

9. 本地戒烟区已进一步扩大,包括所有的巴士站、巴士转换站、公厕、民众俱乐部、公共游泳池和户外体育场。试谈谈你读了这则新闻后的感想。

报章报导题目:现象类


1. 国人乱丢垃圾的行为,以年轻人占大多数。

2. 我国“博客一族”有越来越多的趋势。试谈谈你对这则新闻的看法。

3. 我国巴士暴力事件有逐年增加的趋势。

4. 我国有超过50%的国人视赌博为普通的消遣。

5. 我国有越来越多的年轻人过度崇拜偶像。

6. 我国每5名小学生中就有1名常受同学的欺负,而受害者也转而欺负其他的同学。

7. 我国越来越多男士注重外表,有些还定期上美容院。

8. 报章报道:一项街头访问显示:许多十多二十岁的年轻人对谁担任新加坡的总
理,漠不关心。试写出你对这则新闻的看法。

9. 报章报道:为了遏制越来越严重的年轻人逃服兵役现象,有人主张加重对逃兵役
者的处罚。试写出你读了这则新闻后的想法。

10. 报章报道:我国中学生的纪律问题日益严重,辱骂老师、打架斗殴等事件屡见不鲜。试针对这个问题,谈谈你的感想。

11. 报章报道:我国各行业的服务水平近来有显著下降的趋势,在满足顾客能力方面较前退步。试谈谈你对这则新闻的看法。

12. 报章报道:我国家庭中家长与子女的代沟越来越深,为此经常闹得家庭不和。怎样才能解决这一问题呢?试谈谈你的看法。

13. 报章报道:我国的观众在观赏舞台艺术的表演时,缺乏应有的涵养。试谈谈你对这则新闻的感想。

14. 报章报道:我国经常发生女佣与雇主起冲突的事件,其中还涉及到人命伤亡。试写出你对这种现象的看法。

15. 报章报道:最近国家图书馆的一项调查显示,我国有一半人带着浓厚的功利目的都市。试写出你对这则报导的看法。

16. 报章报道:根据调查显示,我国年轻一代对国家缺乏归属感。试谈谈你读了这则新闻后的感想。

17. 报章报道:越来越多新加坡的年轻人选择从事艺术工作,这种趋势已渐渐为社会所接受。试谈谈你的看法。

18. 报章报道:近年来本地街头表演者人数越来越多,似乎形成一种风气。试谈谈你的看法。

19. 报章报道:随着人口出生率的减少,父母溺爱孩子的情况越来越严重。有人认为长此以往,会对孩子造成很不好的影响。试针对这种说法,谈谈你的意见。

20. 报章报道:随着社会的开放,青少年的性观念已不再受到道德的约束,结果造成弃婴事件屡屡发生。试谈谈你对这一类事件的看法。

21. 有人批评新加坡人只有教育,但却没有教养。试谈谈你的看法。

22. 根据一项调查,我国人民痛苦指数为全球最低。

23. 根据一项调查,我国每10个年轻人中,就有4个因玩电脑游戏而上瘾。试谈谈你读
了这则新闻后的感想和看法。

24. 根据一项调查显示,国人乱丢垃圾的行为,年轻人占大多数。

25. 根据一项调查显示,我国有许多学童表示校园生活并不快乐。

26. 根据一项调查显示:我国有90%的年轻人认为人生苦短,应该及时行乐。试写出你对这则新闻的看法。

27. 根据一项调查显示:我国有三份之一的年轻人很少或从来没有做运动。试谈谈你对这则新闻的感想。

28. 现代的学生补习太多了。

29. 电视台举办校园偶像角逐赛,吸引了许多同学参加。

30. 越来越多年轻人有自残的倾向。

31. 越来越多本地青年男女在服装和日常用品上,注重采用名牌货。试写下你读了这
则新闻后的感想和看法。

32. 近来,青少年穿耳洞的想象越来越普遍。试给《名报》副刊编辑写封信,谈谈你对这个问题的看法。

33. 近来校园内整人的游戏层出不穷,花样繁多。

34. 青少年不爱回家的问题,在我国非常普遍。试写一封信给你在外国的笔友,向他谈谈你对这个问题的看法。